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Andrew Henson

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Andrew Henson works with clients on labor & employment related matters, including employment discrimination, leave, disability accommodations, layoff/reduction-in-force matters, wage and hour litigation, and university faculty contract disputes.

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Q: Can Fourth Circuit plaintiffs be granted “surcharge” as a remedy for breach of fiduciary duty under ERISA?

A: Not anymore. In a divided-panel opinion issued Tuesday, September 12, in Rose v. PSA Airlines, Inc., 2023 WL 5839282, — F.4th — (2023), the Fourth Circuit narrowed the scope of remedies available to plaintiffs in ERISA breach of fiduciary duty claims in this circuit. In short, the Fourth Circuit held that “surcharge” is not an available remedy. Instead, monetary recovery under 502(a)(3) is only available when a plaintiff points to specific funds that the plaintiff rightfully owned but that the defendant possesses as a result of unjust enrichment. This is a reversal of prior Fourth Circuit decisions, which had previously authorized recovery of surcharge as a form of “appropriate equitable relief” under § 502(a)(3).

Q: Are student athletes considered employees under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)?

A: Not under current law, but it is widely suspected that before long, courts will deem at least some types of student athletes to be employees under the FLSA. Courts determine whether an employment relationship exists under the FLSA by looking at whether the “economic realities” of the relationship are consistent with employment (although there is no agreement among the circuit courts of which test best determines these economic realities). In the 2021 decision NCAA v. Alston, the Supreme Court characterized student athletes as participants in a labor market for purposes of federal antitrust laws. The Alston opinion left little reason to doubt that the Court would arrive at the same conclusion when considering the “economic reality” of student athletes as employees under the FLSA. The bigger question is where the Court will ultimately draw a line to separate student athlete-employees from truly amateur sports. The Third Circuit is currently considering an appeal that raises this very question, which may be the vehicle by which this appears before the Supreme Court.

Q: Do Trump-era FLSA regulations governing independent contractor classification and joint employer status (still) apply?

A: The U.S. Department of Labor (USDOL) announced its decision to reverse a Trump-era rule governing the employee/independent contractor distinction under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) that was scheduled to go into effect on March 8. The decision comes on the heels of another recent announcement by the Biden administration that requested public comment about its intention to rescind the Trump-era regulations governing joint employment under the FLSA, which went into effect in March 2020. Both reversals have significant implications for whether a company is considered an employer under the FLSA and thus subject to minimum wage, overtime, and recordkeeping requirements under the statute.

Q: Are outside sales employees considered exempt under the outside sales exemption (OSE) if they work from a home office during the pandemic?

A: Throughout the last 11 months, the pandemic has required most in-person business activity to go virtual; and this is no less true for employees working in sales. However, Zoom meetings and social distancing have made it challenging for employers to classify their sales force as exempt under the OSE of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA).

On July 27, 2020, the Virginia Department of Labor and Industry (DOLI) adopted a first-of-its-kind statewide regulation mandating all employers adopt varying levels of safeguards to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. In this advisory, we will address a number of the compliance questions employers face regarding the Virginia Occupational Safety and Health (VOSH) Emergency Temporary Standard (ETS) and outline the rule’s more prominent features. While in many respects the ETS adopts existing CDC/OSHA guidance and Governor Northam’s executive orders, there are important distinctions. The ETS is more than 40 pages, but we will address its core provisions, which require employers to engage in the following:

Q. Have there been any changes to the CDC Guidance on testing?

A. Until late July, the CDC offered a test-based or symptom-based strategy to govern the timing of “discontinuing isolation” for a person known or suspected to be infected with COVID-19. In an abrupt change in guidance, the CDC announced a test-based strategy is no longer recommended to determine when to discontinue home isolation, except in certain circumstances. The CDC now recommends following only a modified symptom-based strategy, which means:

It is hard to overstate the significance of the employment law changes going into effect as of July 1, 2020. As Virginia employers presently consider how to return to work following an unprecedented global pandemic, they will soon meet the added challenge of a radically different legal landscape governing employment matters. The affected areas of Virginia employment law are broad, covering wage and hour laws, employee misclassification, LGBTQ rights, employment thresholds for coverage under anti-discrimination laws, and expanded whistleblower protections. Whereas, Virginia was once considered a State where employee rights were extremely narrow, effective July 1, it will have some of the broadest protections available for employees to assert their rights. The following is a summary of the more significant laws going into effect.